Pancreas transplantation is the surgical procedure involving the transfer of a healthy donor pancreas into a recipient, primarily performed to treat severe metabolic disorders like type 1 diabetes or chronic pancreatitis with intractable pain. As a research domain and clinical discipline, it investigates the complex surgical techniques, immunological processes of graft rejection and tolerance, optimal immunosuppressive strategies, long-term patient and graft outcomes, management of post-operative complications, and the development of novel approaches to improve efficacy, minimize adverse effects, and expand candidacy for this life-altering intervention.